This work covers legal regulations concerning trade unions at the constitutional and statutory levels. Individual chapters discuss the processes of establishing trade union organizations, their powers in the context of individual and collective labor law, and the role they play in social dialogue. The work points to draft legislative changes in this area, aspects of de lega ferenda proposals regarding the powers of trade unions, their internal problems, and the need to reform and renew the trade union movement in Poland. A significant part of the thesis is also devoted to the subject of strikes and other forms of protest, as well as negotiations conducted by trade unions, due to the fact that these measures are an effective means of conducting social dialogue with a wide range of impact on employee-employer relations.